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The Canaanite languages are a subfamily of the Semitic languages, which were spoken by the ancient peoples of the Canaan region, the Canaanites (including the Israelites and Phoenicians), Amorites, Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, and Carthaginians. All of them seem to have become extinct as native languages by the early 1st millennium CE (although it is uncertain how long Punic survived), although distinct forms of Hebrew remained in continuous literary and religious use among Jews and Samaritans. This family of languages has the distinction of being the first group of languages to use an alphabet, derived from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, to record their writings. The Phoenician and Carthaginian expansion spread the Phoenician language and its Punic dialect to the Western Mediterranean for a time, but there too it died out, although it seems to have survived slightly longer than in Phoenicia itself. Modern Hebrew as a spoken language is the result of a revival by Jews in the 19th and 20th centuries in an effort spearheaded by Eliezer Ben Yehuda. It is currently spoken as the colloquial language by the majority of the Israeli population. == Classification == ''A part of the Classification of Semitic languages'' Hebrew and Phoenician are the two major branches of the subfamily. The Canaanite languages, together with the Aramaic languages and Ugaritic, form the Northwest Semitic genealogical subgroup. Efforts of classification are complicated by the fact that some language varieties thought to be Canaanite or closely related thereto have few or no extant texts written in them, such as the Amorite language. * Phoenician – extinct * * Punic – extinct * Philistine Semitic, also known as Ekronite - not to be confused with the pre-Semitic Philistine language. It is attested by several dozen inscriptions in Phoenician script scattered along Israel's southwest coast. * Hebrew * * Ammonite – extinct Hebraic dialect of the Ammonite people mentioned in the Bible (not a distinct language) * * Moabite – extinct Hebraic dialect of the Moabite people mentioned in the Bible (not a distinct language) * * Edomite – extinct Hebraic dialect of the Edomite people mentioned in the Bible (not a distinct language) * * Biblical Hebrew – extinct Hebraic dialect of the ancient Jewish Israelites. Literary, poetical, liturgical; also known as Classical Hebrew, the oldest form of the language attested in writing. The original pronunciation of Biblical Hebrew is only accessible through reconstruction. There are different pronunciations traditions associated with different diaspora groups, influenced by vernacular languages spoken locally, which are listed below. * * * * Tiberian Hebrew – Masoretic scholars living in the Jewish community of Tiberias in Palestine c. 750-950 CE. * * * * Mizrahi Hebrew – Mizrahi Jews, liturgical * * * * Yemenite Hebrew – Yemenite Jews, liturgical * * * * Sephardi Hebrew – Sephardi Jews, liturgical * * * * Ashkenazi Hebrew – Ashkenazi Jews, liturgical * * * Mishnaic Hebrew (Rabbinical Hebrew) – Jews, liturgical, rabbinical, any of the Hebrew dialects found in the Talmud. * * * * Medieval Hebrew – Jews, liturgical, poetical, rabbinical, scientific, literary; lingua franca based on Bible, Mishna and neologisms forms created by translators and commentators * * * * * Haskala Hebrew – Jews, scientific, literary and journalistic language based on Biblical but enriched with neologisms created by writers and journalists, a transition to the later * * * * * * Modern Hebrew – Transformation and enlargement of the former into a spoken language which, in turn emerged as the new contemporary Israeli Hebrew * * * * * * * Israeli Hebrew – Israelis (Jews, Samaritans and others), the main language of the State of Israel, revived * * Ancient Samaritan Hebrew – extinct dialect spoken by the ancient Samaritan Israelites * * *Samaritan Hebrew – Samaritans, liturgical 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Canaanite languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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